As a result of continuous economic development and accelerated urbanization, the agriculture development has had to change from the traditional mode of agricultural production to the modern mode of agricultural production. What kind of method can better help the development of modern agricultural production mode has become one of the current research topics that has attracted much attention. In response to this problem, the field of modern agricultural production models becomes highly relevant for research. With the in-depth study of modern agricultural production, the research on Internet of Things (IoT) technology in rural characteristic ecological agriculture (ECO) is gradually carried out, and its functional advantages are of great significance to promote the development of modern agriculture. This paper aimed to study the application of IoT technology in the development of rural characteristic ECO. The analysis and research of IoT and ECO enables it to be applied to the construction of an ecological farmland information monitoring system to address the problem of enhancing the ECO development with rural characteristics. In this paper, IoT technology, information detection and ECO were analyzed; the performance of the method was experimentally analyzed; the relevant theoretical formulas were utilized for interpretation. The outcomes demonstrated that the incidence of pests and diseases in field A using the IoT-assisted information monitoring system was 31.11% lower than that in field B, and the use of pesticides was reduced by 15.69%. It can be learned that IoT technology can meet the needs of enhancing the development level of rural characteristic ECO, and the level of agricultural development and work efficiency have been greatly improved.