The development of digital technology provides more possibilities for the inheritance of Chinese excellent traditional handicrafts. This paper takes Chinese movable type printing as the research object, and develops and designs a user-oriented virtual experience system by combining its handicraft characteristics. In order to optimize the rendering of real-time images and video frames of the virtual scene in this system, this paper takes the deep learning oversampling algorithm as the basic framework, and uses two major types of neural network structures, namely convolutional neural network (CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN), to carry out the rendering reconstruction, and at the same time, it uses the texture enhancement oversampling algorithm to recover the image texture details, improve the edge sharpness of the image, and comprehensively build the DLSS model. The performance of the DLSS model constructed in this paper and the virtual experience system of movable type printing is tested successively. The average score difference between the pre- and post-tests of the virtual experience system of this paper is 34.46, which is much higher than that of the traditional form of knowledge mastery of 20.76, indicating that the virtual experience system supported by this paper’s algorithms can effectively carry out the inheritance of traditional handicrafts.