Dance Anatomy is a basic theory course for university dance majors, which reveals the structure and function of various parts of the human body and their important roles in dance training through an in-depth interpretation of dance anatomy. Using relevant equipment and instruments, we will set up a data acquisition environment for data acquisition and pre-processing. For the problem of coordinating music rhythm and dance movement, a time-series autoregressive model is used to realize music-driven dance synthesis, and the model loss function is clarified. Combining the above model, data, and modeling software, the task of modeling the human dance movement mechanism is completed, and the cosine similarity is adopted to analyze the problem of coordinating music rhythm and dance movement. In both the training and test sets, the music-driven dance sequences and the original sequences fluctuate within a certain range (-8, 13), and the scoreRatio value of this paper’s method (1.505) is much better than that of the other four sets of models, which verifies the efficacy of its model in the application of the task of modeling the mechanism of human dance movement, and also verifies the reliability of cosine similarity method. This will enable better implementation of human movement mechanisms in dance anatomy into practical scenarios, help trainers to better perform dance training and performance, reduce dance injuries and prevent occupational diseases.