This study takes the physical properties of high temperature devices as a starting point and the experimental apparatus used to obtain the study samples. The heat transfer process can be categorized into heat conduction, heat convection and heat radiation depending on the mode of contact. Under the theoretical support of the first law of thermodynamics, the nonlinear partial differential equations of the heat transfer characteristics of the high temperature devices are determined, and the above equations are analyzed by numerical simulation with the help of ANSYS software. When the thickness of the device is 1um, 8um and 15um, the heat transfer temperature and the power of the heat source show a monotonically increasing trend, in addition, when the thickness of the device is a fixed value, the spacing of the heat source and the heat transfer temperature show a nonlinear monotonically decreasing, and the present study has an important practical significance for improving the heat transfer performance of high temperature devices.