Knowledge mapping technology can effectively integrate and manage knowledge, and fully show the relationship between knowledge. Based on this, knowledge mapping is applied to the construction of the resource base of the ideology and politics course to explore its association with the teaching content. After sorting out the relevant concepts and construction methods of knowledge mapping, this paper proposes the design method of course ideology based on knowledge mapping. The web crawler tool is utilized to crawl the text data of the Civics material and preprocess the data. The seven-step method and Protégé, an important tool for ontology modeling, were used to complete the construction of the ontology model of the curriculum Civics and Politics domain. Finally, BERT, GGAT, CRF, and graph pooling techniques are combined to construct the general architecture of the Civics knowledge extraction model to realize the extraction of Civics knowledge. The method of Civics knowledge relation extraction in this paper performs well in the comparison experiment, and the AUC value of the method reaches 41.59%. More than 90% of the students express their liking and agreement with the teaching model based on knowledge graph, which verifies that the teaching model based on knowledge graph proposed in this paper has a positive and active effect on the learning aspect of students’ Civics knowledge.