The development of society has led to the continuous development and progress of artificial intelligence technology, and has also led to an increasing demand for graphic design. In order to better solve the problems of color deviation, poor design effect, and high design cost in traditional graphic design, this article applied artificial intelligence image identification system to graphic design to overcome the problems of traditional graphic design. The elements extracted from the graphic database were denoised and enhanced by means of mean filtering and histogram equalization; after image preprocessing, Deep Learning (DL) algorithms were used to construct an image identification system, and the modules and visualization interfaces of the system were introduced. Through experiments, it could be found that the average expert rating of the graphic design scheme designed by the DL based image identification system was 8.818 points, and the satisfaction rate of the 20 users selected for the DL based image identification system was above 93.4%. In summary, using DL to construct an image identification system and applying it to graphic design could effectively improve the overall effect of graphic design and increase user satisfaction with the designed graphic scheme.