With the purpose of exploring the mechanism of change in Chinese relational clauses, this paper firstly includes transitive verbs, intransitive verbs and adjectives in the study of relational clauses, and carries out a comparative analysis from the perspectives of syntactic form, semantic expression, and distribution of thesis elements, and finds that relational clauses constituted by transitive verbs are indeed the most typical members of Chinese relational clauses. Then, we examine its performance in the type of relativization, main clause syntactic position of core words, vitality pattern, and structural features, and conclude that the argument elements of the relational clauses present a vitality contrast pattern and have a simpler structure with an average of about 4 syllables, while the distribution of the central words of the Chinese relational clauses conforms to the order of the noun-dominant syntactic position. Finally, ERP technology is used to explore the processing advantages of subject-relative clauses and to regulate the vitality and denotation of the verbal thesis elements of the clauses, and it is found that the difference in processing difficulty between subject and object-relative clauses increases when the subject of the clauses is a vital noun and the object is a non-vital noun.