For enterprises, development is ultimately reflected in the task completion performance of employees, and in order for employees to create higher task performance, it is necessary to consider not only their education and knowledge level, but also their emotional management ability. This study first collects data related to employees’ emotion management ability and task completion efficiency improvement through questionnaires, and then analyzes the statistical data by using the potential impact identification model designed based on Bayesian neural network model to obtain the potential impact probability of each dimension of emotion management ability on task completion efficiency improvement. The analysis of the forward and reverse inference probabilities of the Bayesian network model indicated that the most important potential influence factor leading to the improvement of task completion efficiency was the emotion expression ability, with a forward and reverse inference probability of 36.2% and 59.4%, respectively, followed by the emotion regulation ability and emotion acceptance ability. The results of this study reveal the important potential influence of emotion management ability on task completion efficiency enhancement, and the formulation of task completion efficiency enhancement strategies based on the perspective of emotion management ability can effectively enhance employee task performance, which in turn promotes the overall development and competitive advantage of enterprises.