More and more problems are revealed in the process of popularization of higher education, especially the imperfection of the quality assurance system of higher education, which restricts and hinders the development of colleges and universities to a certain extent. This paper uses structural equation modeling to analyze the influencing factors of higher education quality. And consequently, it combines digital technology to build a higher education quality assurance system. Take a university as an example to practice, through the higher education quality assurance system evaluation index selection and empowerment, combined with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to establish an evaluation model, to assess the effectiveness of the practice of the educational quality assurance system of the sample university. The management level (0.4380) and faculty (0.1472) of the university have the most significant influence on the quality of higher education. Under the constructed higher education quality assurance system, the comprehensive scoring result of the sample colleges and universities is at a good level (8.227), with the highest quality level in the dimensions of teaching effectiveness (8.7341) and student development (8.7000), which indicates that the digitization-based higher education assurance system is able to effectively ensure and promote the quality of education in colleges and universities.