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This paper takes the rural areas of Chongqing Municipality, a national integrated urban-rural comprehensive experimental area, as an example, and uses geospatial and spatial big data and information geography as a means to identify urban areas and rural areas of Chongqing Municipality in a refined way. GIS spatial analysis methods such as kernel density, hotspot analysis, and spatial autocorrelation are utilized to quantify features such as spatial agglomeration and diffusion characteristics and spatial distribution direction of compulsory education resources in rural areas. The Gini coefficient is used to conduct a comparative study of the imbalance of the amount of per-pupil educational facility resources within Chongqing Municipality, and to measure the development gap in the construction of compulsory educational facilities between regions. The study shows that between 2013 and 2023, the imbalance coefficient of compulsory education in Chongqing rural areas decreased from 0.3637 in 2013 to 0.0243 in 2023 for the secondary school stage, and from 0.3582 to 0.1952 for the elementary school stage, indicating that the imbalance coefficient of the layout of compulsory education resources in Chongqing Municipality decreases year by year, and the spatial equilibrium of the resources increases with it. This study provides effective ideas and methods to promote the structural adjustment of the spatial layout of compulsory education resources in Chongqing Municipality, and provides scientific decision-making basis for the relevant planning departments to calibrate the current planning and formulate the future planning.