Wind energy is a widespread natural phenomenon, which receives more and more attention because of its renewable and non-polluting nature, but the unpredictable and unstable wind speed makes the wind power control technology become a hot spot of concern. Firstly, the working principle of the wind turbine system is introduced, and the wind turbine speed model of the wind turbine drive system is established according to the system stability characteristics. Then on the basis of the traditional PID control algorithm, a wind turbine rotation speed regulation optimization algorithm based on PID optimization control is proposed-PID neural network control. The algorithm designs a three-layer forward PID neural network, and through the PID variable structure control, the low-speed axis of the fan connects the rotor axis with the gear box, which excites the operation of the aerodynamic gate for speed regulation, and compared with the traditional PID control, the method can regulate the airflow of the coal mine fan more quickly, and the overshooting amount is reduced by about 22%. Then, the BP neural network control is used to predict the air demand, and the deviation of the predicted air demand from the current air demand and its chemical rate are input into the controller. Finally, through the comparison of the control system and simulation experiments, it is proved that the BP neural network control has stronger robustness and adaptability, and can achieve better control effect.