The article aims to accelerate the growth and progress of young teachers in private applied colleges and universities and improve their teaching ability, combining with the knowledge graph, and designing a recommended algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning to improve teachers’ ability. Firstly, the growth and progress process of young teachers in private applied colleges and universities is defined as a dynamic development process, i.e., for different latitude abilities such as teacher ethics, professional knowledge, preteaching preparation, communication and cooperation, teaching ability training needs to be carried out gradually and in a certain order. Then the Knowledge Graph Teacher Competency Enhancement Recommendation Algorithm (KGDR) based on deep reinforcement learning and knowledge graph algorithm is constructed by combining deep reinforcement learning and knowledge graph algorithm. When performing top-𝑘 recommendation, the diversity value of the model at 𝑘 = 20 is 0.7876, and the model can provide more diverse paths for teacher ability improvement. After the application of the dynamic development mechanism of young teachers’ competence based on KGDR, the competence improvement of young teachers is significant and can reach the grade of “excellent”. The mechanism designed in this paper can be used as a reference for other colleges and universities.