In the context of urban elderly human resource development, differential evolutionary algorithms can be used to optimize the development strategy and improve the efficiency of resource utilization. The study constructs a multi-objective scheduling optimization model for human resources based on an improved differential evolutionary algorithm, which searches for the optimal development strategy by simulating the mutation, crossover, and selection operations in the process of biological evolution. In addition, the model combines a multi-objective feature selection algorithm to capture the data information of urban elderly resource development more accurately and ensure the scientific and practicality of the strategy. The pareto front of this paper’s algorithm on the optimal solution test function is more in line with the real frontier, and the GD value is between 0.00171 and 0.0325, which has better convergence. The execution time of this algorithm for elderly manpower resource scheduling is shortened compared to the comparison algorithm, and the convergence of different task sizes is accomplished when iterating to 110~150 rounds. The ADE-MOFS algorithm has the lowest running cost and the shortest completion period on elderly manpower resource scheduling. The research in this paper shows new ideas and methods for the rational development and utilization of urban elderly manpower resources, which has important theoretical and temporal significance.