Local \(3\)-Monophonic Convexity

Morten H. Nielsen1, Ortrud R. Oellermann*2
1Department. of Mathematics and Statistics, Thompson Rivers University 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC, Canada
2Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Winnipeg 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada

Abstract

Let \( G \) be a connected graph and let \( U \) be a set of vertices in \( G \). A \emph{minimal \( U \)-tree} is a subtree \( T \) of \( G \) that contains \( U \) and has the property that every vertex of \( V(T) – U \) is a cut-vertex of \( \langle V(T) \rangle \). The \emph{monophonic interval} of \( U \) is the collection of all vertices of \( G \) that lie on some minimal \( U \)-tree. A set \( S \) of vertices of \( G \) is \( m_k \)-\emph{convex} if it contains the monophonic interval of every \( k \)-subset \( U \) of vertices of \( S \). Thus \( S \) is \( m_2 \)-convex if and only if it is \( m \)-convex.

In this paper, we consider three local convexity properties with respect to \( m_3 \)-convexity and characterize the graphs having either property.