As the world’s No. 1 sport with wide popularity and high degree of attention, there exists a great application demand and development potential for applying artificial intelligence to soccer sports training. In this paper, Yolov5s-CBAM target detection network is utilized to identify the human body posture of target athletes in soccer sports training, and HRNet network is used to detect the location information of key points of target human skeleton and identify the skill movements of soccer players. Subsequently, the TDS-Fast DTW algorithm is applied to evaluate the skill movements to establish a skill recognition and evaluation system for soccer sports athletes. It is verified that the soccer player skill movement recognition model proposed in this paper outperforms other comparative models, with the checking rate reaching 99.12%, and the evaluation scores of the model on the skill movements of the athletes are not different from those of the manual evaluation scores (P>0.05). It is also found that the application of the system in actual soccer training matches can fully meet the needs of soccer training. The system in this paper can accurately assess the technical movements of soccer sports athletes to meet the needs of scientific training, and at the same time, it can meet the needs of coaches to timely grasp the understanding of the level of technical movements of soccer athletes and improve the quality of training.