The expansion of English vocabulary is the foundation of college students’ English learning and the key to improve English learning. This project centers on the quantitative analysis of college English vocabulary learning efϐiciency improvement, through the questionnaire survey to understand the use of English vocabulary learning strategies of students. The inϐluencing factors of English vocabulary learning efϐiciency improvement are selected, correlation analysis is carried out, and then multiple regression model is used to explore the role of each variable on the improvement of English vocabulary learning efϐiciency. The results show that students most often use the metacognitive strategy of preplanning (3.674), and that students who are good at learning are more inclined to adopt the metacognitive strategy to control vocabulary learning from a macro perspective. Multiple selfelements and environmental elements together positively affect the improvement of English vocabulary learning efϐiciency (p < 0.01), with the most signiϐicant effects of learning strategies (0.482), teaching methods (0.457) and learning strategies (0.416). It is recommended to promote the efϐiciency of English vocabulary learning through innovative teaching methods, combining word class memorization, expanding the scope of reading, and vocabulary association learning.