Wireless sensor networks, which integrate a variety of technologies such as sensors, microelectromechanical systems, wireless communications, and distributed information processing, have become a cutting-edge field for studying the behavior of intelligent autonomous self-governing systems in groups. This paper explores distributed sensor networks in intelligent buildings, uses QoS routing algorithm based on ant colony optimization to implement the strategy of energy efficiency regulation of distributed sensor networks, and conducts experimental analysis on the performance of the algorithm as well as distributed sensor networks. Compared with the PCCAA algorithm, the node degree variance and channel percentage variance of this paper’s algorithm are smaller, the network link distribution and channel allocation are more balanced, and the topology is better. Meanwhile, the average power of this paper’s algorithm is slightly larger than that of the PCCAA algorithm, which is able to increase the robustness of the network while reducing the energy consumption and BER to ensure the network performance. In addition, the variance of the node energy consumption of this paper’s algorithm in different networks is smaller than that of the PCCAA algorithm, which indicates that this paper’s algorithm can make the node energy consumption of the whole network more balanced, and then improve the energy efficiency of the whole network. Simulation experiments prove that the algorithm in this paper effectively allocates node bandwidth through the quantization mechanism, thus reducing the amount of inter-node communication, while the corresponding sampling interval extension strategy can save the overall energy consumption of the network. The algorithm proposed in this paper has important practical value for energy efficiency regulation of sensor networks in intelligent buildings.