Encouraged by the strategy of rural revitalization, rural areas in many places are exploring the development path of characteristic industries. The article embeds the multi-objective optimization model into the development of rural characteristic industries to optimize the current rural industrial development path. The multi-objective optimization model of rural characteristic industry development is constructed, and the ACO-PSO algorithm is used to solve the model, in order to realize the organic unity of economic, social and ecological benefits of rural industry development. The multi objective optimization model is used to optimize the industrial development of village S. The total regional output value of village S in 2035 is 2.08 times of that in 2025. The proportion of output value of primary industry and secondary industry decreases by 20.29% and 18.50% respectively. The proportion of tertiary industry output value increases by 38.79%, and the industrial structure becomes more and more reasonable. After the multi-objective optimization, Village S changes the development mode at the expense of resources and the environment, and maintains the survival of the ecological environment by appropriately slowing down the economic development. After the multi objective optimization, the total output value of the primary industry and the per capita income of farmers in Village S increased by 17,412 and 205.76 yuan respectively. The total output of tourism in the tertiary industry is 465,222,000 yuan, which is 126% higher than that before optimization.