Large-span steel structures are prone to wind vibration under wind loads, which affects the safety and performance of the structure, and wind vibration control is the key to its design. This paper takes the large-span steel structure as the research object, firstly introduces the theory and method related to wind vibration control analysis, constructs the topology-optimized inertial capacitance damper controlled wind vibration response dynamic equation of super high-rise building to analyze the influence law of wind speed and wind direction on the dynamic characteristics of the structure, and then further strengthens the vibration control ability of the structure through reasonable arrangement and parameter adjustment. The deformation of ETABS model in y-direction is larger than that in xdirection under 50-year wind load, and the maximum displacements in y- and x-directions are 18.72 mm and 11.65 mm, respectively. The y-direction interstory displacement angle meets the code requirement limit (2.65×10-4). The amplitude of the acceleration time-range curve of its top floor structure is between ±0.08, which meets the requirements for comfort. The optimization of the reinforcement layer using continuum topology optimization is better than the optimization of the optimal location arrangement according to finite element software. The results of node displacements and inter-story displacement angles of each story of the modified structural model under wind load meet the limits of top story displacement and inter-story displacement angle, and the performances are similar to those of the extended-arm truss structural model.