Because of their inherent vulnerability, small States are in a relatively weak position in global economic relations. In order to survive and develop, regional cooperation is an important way for small countries to safeguard and promote their national interests. Taking Malta as an example, this paper utilizes the international trade data of some major countries along the “Belt and Road” from 2004 to 2018, and adopts the social network analysis method to construct the trade network of 37 countries in each year, and explores the formation of the trade network of the “Belt and Road” through the gravity model. The gravity model explores the major trade subgroups formed in the “Belt and Road” trade network and reveals the cooperation and interaction paths of small countries in the global economic system. Among them, Malta’s position and role in the countries along the “Belt and Road”, Malta still participated in global economic cooperation through Russia in 2004, and in 2018, in the more closely linked global economic network system, Malta strengthened its economic ties with China, which has a core degree of 0.897, further enhancing its own position in the global economic network. The economic scale and institutional differences between countries have different impacts on the trade of different products, and small countries have limited resources, so it is more important to formulate different economic development strategies according to different influencing factors and product types, and strengthen trade cooperation with neighboring countries.