Since the strategic plan for rural revitalization was put forward, the related contents of public facilities have been continuously written into national policies. Promoting the high-quality construction of rural public facilities has become a hot topic of research in China’s rural areas. In this paper, optimization ideas and frameworks are proposed for the layout of rural public service facilities. Using the mixed integer planning model, the optimal solution of facility layout is obtained by calculating the distance between facilities to realize the optimization of rural public facility layout. Moran’s I index in global spatial autocorrelation is used to analyze the degree of spatial autocorrelation of rural public basic facilities accessibility. Construct a multivariate linear model to assess the impact of mixed integer planning applications on rural residents’ sense of social governance effectiveness. Evaluating the efficiency of rural basic public service facility accessibility coverage, the number of rural clinics is much larger than other facilities, with 26 facilities, and the number of middle schools, township general hospitals, and post offices is smaller, all with only two, indicating that there are certain problems in the configuration and spatial layout of public service facilities in a certain rural area nowadays. The application of the mixed integer planning model has a significant impact on rural governance in terms of human development index, public services, social security, public safety and social participation, with regression results of 0.075, 0.068, 0.125, 0.083 and 0.164, respectively.