Teachers’ information literacy is related to the quality and efficiency of education and teaching in higher vocational colleges and universities. In this paper, a dynamic planning-based scheduling method is constructed to improve teachers’ time allocation efficiency and information literacy. First of all, according to the factors and constraints involved in the scheduling problem to determine the goal of solving the scheduling problem, mathematical model, and then the constraints involved in the scheduling of classes, converted into a dynamic planning of the mutually independent and related stages, with 1, 0 indicates whether to meet the constraints. By solving each stage and analyzing the solution of each stage, the optimal value function is summarized, and ACAA is used to traverse all the optimal solutions for each set of constraints. Examples are selected for scheduling test to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, and the teacher information literacy assessment scale is designed. Applying the class scheduling algorithm to a higher vocational college, the mean value of the overall information literacy scores of the surveyed teachers is 0.15 points higher than the standard reference value, and the effectiveness of the class scheduling algorithm in this paper is verified. Practical experience (58.27%), teaching philosophy (50.19%), and subject requirements (33.36%) are the top three factors affecting teachers’ information literacy.