In the era of digital media, with the help of media empowerment, Chinese medicine culture dissemination completes the innovation from the two dimensions of disseminators and media channels, which brings new opportunities to Chinese medicine culture dissemination. Aiming at the problem of large time overhead of traditional greedy algorithm in the optimization of nodes of TCM culture dissemination network, NPG algorithm is used to optimize the influence of starting nodes, computational efficiency and selection strategy. On the basis of optimization, the propagation probability is calculated to determine that time, content and social relationship can be used as the basis for judging the propagation path, and the path coefficients are analyzed with the help of structural equations. The path coefficient of social relationship→time→Chinese medicine culture dissemination is 0.173, i.e., under the role of time, there is a significant direct effect between social relationship and Chinese medicine culture dissemination, and time plays the role of mediating effect in the reconstruction of dissemination path. The research in this paper promotes the sustainable development of Chinese medicine culture through the improvement of Chinese medicine culture communication network.