Consolidating and improving supply chain resilience and maintaining supply chain stability and security is an important foundation for promoting the realization of high-quality development. After initially selecting supply chain resilience related indicators, the research is screened and downgraded through factor analysis to establish a supply chain resilience evaluation index system. Subsequently, based on the model integration framework, the supply chain toughness evaluation model with improved Stacking integration model is constructed on the basis of a single machine learning algorithm and an integrated learning algorithm, and the model parameters are adjusted and optimized through the learning curve to achieve the optimal evaluation effect and compared with the existing model. The results show that the Stacking supply chain toughness evaluation model constructed in this paper has a relative error of 23% or less in 3685 enterprise samples and accounts for 98.78%. It shows that the Stacking integrated model established in this paper has good prediction effect and high accuracy, which has certain value and significance to the research of supply chain toughness prediction, and can provide scientific reference basis for enterprises.