With the acceleration of economic globalization and industrialization process, the processing technology of natural gas and oil is being more and more challenged and influenced. This elevates the likelihood of oil and gas leakage impacting the surrounding environment during the loading and unloading processes. To enhance the safety of oil and gas handling, an index system has been developed which is based on an improved correlation analysis algorithm and a hierarchical analysis method, as well as a correlation analysis network model of risk source. The results proved that in the night experiment, the accuracy of the correlation rule of the improved algorithm increased from 90% to 95%, and the error value was even close to 0, while the traditional algorithm fluctuated between-1 and 1. In general, the proposed evaluation system and model effectively improve the prediction and identification probability of operation safety in the oil and gas processing process.