Increasing urbanization has led to large changes in residents’ consumption behavior, but due to a variety of factors, the overall level of residents’ consumption is low, so that it cannot play its role in promoting economic growth. This paper selects the panel data of China Household Finance Survey from 2011 to 2019, and empirically analyzes the impact and path of changes in residents’ consumption behavior on consumption upgrading by constructing structural equation model and fixed effect model combined with STATA software. The study shows that changes in residents’ consumption behavior and its dimensions can promote residents’ consumption upgrading, and there is regional heterogeneity in the impact of changes in residents’ consumption behavior on residents’ consumption upgrading, and its promotion effect on residents’ consumption upgrading is stronger in the developed regions in the Middle East. Based on the above findings, this paper puts forward feasible suggestions on how to optimize residents’ consumption behavior to better promote residents’ consumption upgrading.