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The development of media technology profoundly affects the presentation mode, dissemination rate and scale of news information, which in turn reshapes the business chain and business landscape of the entire news media industry. Based on the analysis of the shortcomings of the LDA model, this paper proposes an improved LDA model with binomial distribution, and applies it to the analysis of the evolution of news topics. The model introduces binomial distribution to enhance the discriminative ability of lexical items, and parallelises it to improve the classification effect of news topics. In order to effectively obtain the relevant features of cultural communication in news documents, this paper introduces BERT to obtain word embedding and word vector matrix, and then realises the generation of theme word structure and theme words. The performance of the improved LDA model is verified through the THUCNews dataset, and the news topic morphology is visualised and analysed with the example data, and its morphological evolution, as well as the degree of contribution to cultural communication, is studied. The theme consistency score of the improved LDA model is -13.39 when the word generation probability is 1, which is 19.14% higher than that of the traditional LDA model. The intensity of the ‘cultural policy’ news format theme increases 14.44 times from 2010 to 2023, and the mean value of the ‘cultural governance’ news format theme’s contribution to cultural dissemination reaches 0.091. Based on the innovation and evolution of news forms, we can empower more communication channels for culture and spirit, so as to enhance people’s cultural self-confidence and national cultural soft power.