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When a laser beam passes through a solid physical material with a nonlinear refractive index, it can produce an optical nonlinear effect, which depends on the refractive index that changes with the light intensity. Based on an analysis of the linear principle of nonlinear optics, the article describes the coupled wave equations under the nonlinear optical phenomenon. It introduces the phase-matching method of frequency conversion and the theoretical basis of optical waveguide. Starting from the classical Maxwell’s equations, the nonlinear optical transmission equations and the optical effect model are established, and then the finite element method (FEM) simulation model is constructed based on the FEM model to analyze the nonlinear optical phenomena of solid-state physical silicon materials. To verify the validity of the FEM model, the optical bistability effect and four-wave mixing spectrum of the nonlinear optical phenomena are simulated and analyzed, and the homochiral spinning effect and transmission spectrum are investigated. When the solid-state physical silicon material is rotating, the laser power required to observe the optical bistability is up to 9.51 W when the rotation rate is increased from 12 kHz to 24 kHz, and the four-wave mixing intensity decreases from 0.115 to about 0.028 when the oscillator frequency of the solid-state physical silicon material is increased from 15 MHz to 30 MHz. The plasma resonance absorption wavelength of the solid physical silicon material is at 791 nm, and the effective refractive index obtained from the simulation is 0.61 in the real part, which is only 1.64% lower than the actual refractive index. The trend of nonlinear optical phenomena in solid-state physics can be effectively obtained by using the FEM model, which provides a new idea for the application expansion of the optical force system.