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The research combines PBL teaching method, CDIO theory and school-enterprise collaborative education mechanism to construct a school-enterprise collaborative teaching model based on PBL-CDIO. And then, the empirical research of PBL-CDIO school-enterprise collaborative teaching mode is realized through the teaching experiment method. The independent sample t-test is used to test the changes in the professional knowledge level and basic working ability of the experimental group and the control group before and after the experiment, and to judge the teaching effect of the school-enterprise collaborative teaching mode based on PBL-CDIO in this paper. The pre-test sig values of professional knowledge and basic work ability of the experimental and control groups are greater than 0.05, and there is no significant difference between the two groups. The posttest sig values of the dimensions of professional knowledge in the experimental group increased by 10.20, 10.46, 10.49 and 9.47 respectively, and the sig values of the dimensions of basic work competence increased by 9.89, 9.72, 8.66 and 10.10 respectively. The overall change in the level of professional knowledge and basic work competence in the control group was less than 1 point. The posttest expertise and basic work ability sig of both groups were less than 0.05. After the experiment, the expertise and basic work ability of the experimental group were much better than that of the control group. The school-enterprise cooperative teaching mode based on PBL-CDIO proposed in this paper has good teaching effect.