Local colleges and universities are an important part of China’s higher education reform and development, and the quality of cultivation of top-notch innovative talents has a direct impact on the development speed and level of local economy. In this study, the decision tree algorithm is used to establish a prediction and early warning model for students’ performance in the process of cultivating new engineering top-notch innovative talents in colleges and universities, and the K cross-validation method is used to optimize the model parameters and improve the prediction accuracy. Then, based on the intelligent prediction model and the cyclic structure intervention theory, we constructed a dynamic adjustment model for the cultivation system of new engineering top-notch innovative talents. The results of the empirical application of the model show that the hardware and facility conditions of talent cultivation in college D have significant improvement under the application of the dynamic adjustment model. In addition, both graduates (>4.00 points) and employers (>3.67 points) gave a high degree of achievement to the training quality of the university’s top innovative talents in new engineering disciplines. This study helps to meet the demand for high-quality engineering talents for regional economic and social development, enhance the adaptability of higher education and improve the quality of talent cultivation.
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