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Tunnel gas and shallow natural gas overflow have been a major problem plaguing the safe construction of tunnels and one of the main types of common diseases in tunnel engineering. The article chooses the tunnel construction of Funci Highway as the research object, and collects the rock and gas data in the research area on the basis of analyzing the distribution characteristics of shallow natural gas. Based on the AVO analysis technique, the PP wave reflection coefficient is approximated as a linear combination of longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity, density and other elastic constants to construct a pre-stack AVO inversion model to analyze the shallow natural gas distribution in the Funci Highway Tunnel construction. The porosity of the rock layer in the tunnel construction area ranges from 4.5% to 12%, with an average porosity of 8.93% and a maximum permeability of 0.004 μm². The longitudinal wave impedance distribution of the non-reservoir surrounding rock ranges from 1.48 to 2.01, and the error between the longitudinal wave velocity and density obtained by the inversion and the original logging curves is up to only 2.04%. Combined with the logging data, it can realize the comprehensive evaluation of the oil and gas geological environment of Funci Highway tunnel construction, and provide data support for ensuring the safety of Funci Highway tunnel construction.