Contents

Roman Reinforcement Numbers of Digraphs

N. Dehgardi1, S.M. Sheikholeslami1, D. Meierling2, L. Volkmann2
1Department of Mathematics Azarbaijan University of Tarbiat Moallem Tabriz, I.R. Iran
2Lehrstuhl IT fiir Mathematik RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen, Germany

Abstract

Let \( D = (V,A) \) be a finite and simple digraph. A Roman dominating function (RDF) on \( D \) is a labeling \( f: V(D) \to \{0,1,2\} \) such that every vertex \( v \) with label \( 0 \) has a vertex \( w \) with label \( 2 \) such that \( wv \) is an arc in \( D \). The weight of an RDF \( f \) is the value \( \omega(f) = \sum_{v \in V} f(v) \). The Roman domination number of a digraph \( D \), denoted by \( \gamma_R(D) \), equals the minimum weight of an RDF on \( D \). The Roman reinforcement number \( r_R(D) \) of a digraph \( D \) is the minimum number of arcs that must be added to \( D \) in order to decrease the Roman domination number. In this paper, we initiate the study of Roman reinforcement number in digraphs and we present some sharp bounds for \( r_R(D) \). In particular, we determine the Roman reinforcement number of some classes of digraphs.

Keywords: Domination, Reinforcement, Roman domination, Ro- man Reinforcement, digraph. MSC 2000: 05C69