A subset \(U\) of a set \(S\) with a binary operation is called avoidable if \(S\) can be partitioned into two subsets \(A\) and \(B\) such that no element of \(U\) can be written as a product of two distinct elements of \(A\) or as the product of two distinct elements of \(B\). The avoidable sets of the bicyclic inverse semigroup are classified.
Citation
Nandor Sieben. Avoidable Sets in The Bicycle Inverse Semigroup[J], Ars Combinatoria, Volume 077. 273-288. .