A graph is closed when its vertices have a labeling by \([n]\) with a certain property first discovered in the study of binomial edge ideals. In this article, we prove that a connected graph has a closed labeling if and only if it is chordal, claw-free, and has a property we call narrow, which holds when every vertex is distance at most one from all longest shortest paths of the graph.
Citation
David A.Cox, Andrew Erskine. On Closed Graphs \(I\)[J], Ars Combinatoria, Volume 120. 259-274. .