This paper describes a comprehensive approach to the analysis and synthesis of tree-structured communication networks. First, a class of models for tree-structured communication networks is proposed. Then, performance parameters such as communication delays and network reliability are defined, and efficient algorithms for calculating these parameters are provided. Subsequently, an application of a powerful tree-generating algorithm to the synthesis of optimal communication networks is described. The universal approach of this algorithm allows for its use in conjunction with the proposed model and the algorithms for calculating values of performance parameters. The paper shows sample optimal tree-structured networks resulting from applying the synthesis algorithm for various optimization parameters.