On The Edge-graceful Trees Conjecture

Sin-Min Lee1, Ling Wang1, Ken Nowak2, Wandi Wei3
1Department of Computer Science San Jose State University San Jose, California 95192 U.S.A.
2Department of Civil Engineering San Jose State University San Jose, California 95192 U.S.A.
3Center for Cryptology and Information Security Florida Atlantic University, – Boca Raton, FL33431

Abstract

A \( (p,q) \)-graph \( G \) is said to be \textbf{edge-graceful} if the edges can be labeled by \( 1,2,\ldots, q \) so that the vertex sums are distinct, mod \( p \). It is shown that if a tree \( T \) is edge-graceful, then its order must be odd. Lee conjectured that all trees of odd orders are edge-graceful. The conjecture is still unsettled. In this paper, we give the state of the progress toward this tantalizing conjecture.

Keywords: edge-graceful, super edge-graceful, trees, tree reduction, irreducible, diameter, spider.