\(P_{h}\)-Supermagic Labelings of Some Trees

T. K. Maryati1, E. T. Baskoro1, A. N. M. Salman1
1Combinatorial Mathematics Research Division Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Abstract

Let \( P_h \) be a path on \( h \) vertices. A simple graph \( G = (V, E) \) admits a \( P_h \)-covering if every edge in \( E \) belongs to a subgraph of \( G \) that is isomorphic to \( P_h \). \( G \) is called \( P_h \)-magic if there is a total labeling \( f: V \cup E \to \{1, 2, \dots, |V| + |E|\} \) such that for each subgraph \( H’ = (V’, E’) \) of \( G \) that is isomorphic to \( P_h \), \( \sum_{v \in V’} f(v) + \sum_{e \in E’} f(e) \) is constant. When \( f(V) = \{1, 2, \dots, |V|\} \), we say that \( G \) is \( P_h \)-supermagic.

In this paper, we study some \( P_h \)-supermagic trees. We give some sufficient or necessary conditions for a tree to be \( P_h \)-supermagic. We also consider the \( P_h \)-supermagicness of special types of trees, namely shrubs and banana trees.

Keywords: H-covering, H-supermagic, Total labeling