This study examines the relationship between career aspiration and career adaptability, and focuses on the mediating effect of coping efficacy. A total of 377 students of higher vocational education were measured using the career aspiration scale, the coping efficacy scale and the career adaptability scale, and the study showed these results. (1) There were significant differences in career aspiration in terms of whether they are student leaders , coping efficacy in terms of whether they were student leaders, and career adaptability in terms of whether they were student leaders, whether they are the only child of their parents，whether they have received career counseling, and whether they participated in parttime jobs, internships or social practices. And there were also significant differences in career aspiration and career adaptability in terms of the interaction of gender and whether they have received career counseling. (2) Career aspiration and its three dimensions were positively correlated with coping efficacy and coping efficacy was also positively with career adaptability and its four dimensions. (3)career aspiration was a significant direct positive predictor of career adaptability. When the mediating variable coping efficacy was included, career aspiration could still significantly predict career adaptability, coping efficacy mediated the relationship between career aspiration and career adaptability. Career education can enhance career adaptability of students in higher vocational education by improving their coping efficacy.