Vertex-degree based eccentric topological descriptors of zero divisor graphs of finite commutative rings

Abstract

A graph $G(R)$ is said to be a zero divisor graph of a commutative ring $R$ with identity if $x_1,x_2\in V(G(R))$ and $(x_1,x_2)\in E(G(R))$ if and only if $x_1\cdot x_2=0$. The vertex-degree-based eccentric topological indices of zero divisor graphs of commutative rings ${\mathbb{Z}}_{p^2}\times {\mathbb{Z}}_{q^2}$ are studied in this paper, with $p$ and $q$ being primes.