Utilitas Algorithmica (UA)

ISSN: xxxx-xxxx (print)

Utilitas Algorithmica (UA) is a premier, open-access international journal dedicated to advancing algorithmic research and its applications. Launched to drive innovation in computer science, UA publishes high-impact theoretical and experimental papers addressing real-world computational challenges. The journal underscores the vital role of efficient algorithm design in navigating the growing complexity of modern applications. Spanning domains such as parallel computing, computational geometry, artificial intelligence, and data structures, UA is a leading venue for groundbreaking algorithmic studies.

Fred Holroyd1, Andonis Yannakopoulos2
1Department of Pure Mathematics, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
28 Ardley Close, Dunstable, Bedfordshire LU6 3TA, United Kingdom
Abstract:

The Kneser graph \( K(m, n) \) (when \( m > 2n \)) has the \( n \)-subsets of an \( m \)-set as its vertices, two vertices being adjacent in \( K(m, n) \) whenever they are disjoint sets. The \( k \)th-chromatic number of any graph \( G \) (denoted by \( \chi_k(G) \)) is the least integer \( t \) such that the vertices can be assigned \( k \)-subsets of \( \{1, 2, \dots, t\} \) with adjacent vertices receiving disjoint \( k \)-sets. S. Stahl has conjectured that, if \( k = qn – r \) where \( q \geq 1 \) and \( 0 \leq r < n \), then \( \chi_k(K(m, n)) = qm – 2r \). This expression is easily verified when \( r = 0 \); Stahl has also established its validity for \( q = 1 \), for \( m = 2n + 1 \) and for \( k = 2, 3 \). We show here that the expression is also valid for all \( q \geq 2 \) in the following further classes of cases:

  1. \( 2n + 1 < m \leq n(2 + r^{-1}) \) (\( 0 < r 1 \));
  2. \( 4 \leq n \leq 6 \) and \( 1 \leq r \leq 2 \) (all \( m \));
  3. \( 7 \leq n \leq 11 \) and \( r = 1 \) (all \( m \));
  4. \( (n, r, m) = (7, 2, 18), (12, 1, 37), (12, 1, 38) \) or \( (13, 1, 40) \).
Vito Napolitano1
1Dipartimento Di Matematica, Universita Della Basilicata, Edificio 3d, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, Contrada Macchia Romana, I — 85100 Poteenza-Italy
Abstract:

We prove that for a finite planar space \( S = (\mathcal{P}, \mathcal{L}, \mathcal{H}) \) with no disjoint planes and with a constant number of planes on a line, the number \( \ell \) of lines is greater than or equal to the number \( c \) of planes, and the equality holds true if and only if \( S \) is either the finite Desarguesian 4-dimensional projective space \( PG(4,q) \), or the complete graph \( K_5 \).

Ping-Tsai Chung1, Sin-Min Lee1
1Department of Computer Science, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, U.S.A.
Abstract:

A \((p, q)\)-graph \( G \) is said to be \(\textbf{edge graceful}\) if the edges can be labeled by \( 1, 2, \ldots, q \) so that the vertex sums are distinct, mod \( p \). It is shown that if a tree \( T \) is edge-graceful, then its order must be odd. Lee conjectured that all trees of odd orders are edge-graceful. J. Mitchem and A. Simoson introduced the concept of super edge-graceful graphs, which is a stronger concept than edge-graceful for some classes of graphs.

A graph \( G = (V, E) \) of order \( p \) and size \( q \) is said to be \(\textbf{super edge-graceful}\) (SEG) if there exists a bijection
\[
\text{f: E} \to
\begin{cases}
\{0, +1, -1, +2, -2, \ldots, \frac{q-1}{2}, -\frac{q-1}{2}\} & \text{if } q \text{ is odd} \\
\{+1, -1, +2, -2, \ldots, \frac{q}{2}, -\frac{q}{2}\} & \text{if } q \text{ is even}
\end{cases}
\]
such that the induced vertex labeling \( f^* \) defined by \( f^*(u) = \sum \{ f(u, v) : (u, v) \in E \} \) has the property:
\[
f^*: V \to
\begin{cases}
\{0, +1, -1, \ldots, +\frac{p-1}{2}, -\frac{p-1}{2}\} & \text{if } p \text{ is odd} \\
\{+1, -1, \ldots, +\frac{p}{2}, -\frac{p}{2}\} & \text{if } p \text{ is even}
\end{cases}
\]
is a bijection.

The conjecture is still unsettled. In this paper, we first characterize spiders of even orders which are not SEG. We then exhibit some spiders of even orders which are SEG of diameter at most four. By the concepts of the irreducible part of an even tree \( T \), we show that an infinite number of spiders of even orders are SEG. Finally, we provide some conjectures for further research.

Xiaoping Liu1, Xinhui An 1, Baoyindureng Wu1
1School of Mathematics and System Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
Abstract:

Let \(G = (V(G), E(G))\) be a nonempty graph (may have parallel edges). The line graph \(L(G)\) of \(G\) is the graph with \(V(L(G)) = E(G)\), and in which two vertices \(e\) and \(e’\) are joined by an edge if and only if they have a common vertex in \(G\). We call the complement of \(L(G)\) as the jump graph. In this note, we give a simple sufficient and necessary condition for a jump graph to have a perfect matching.

A. Abdollahi1, H.R. Maimani2
1Department of Mathematics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, and Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics (IPM), Tehran, Iran.
2Center of Excellence in Biomathematics, School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Tehran, and Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics (IPM), Tehran, Iran.
Abstract:

We introduce a new technique for constructing pairwise balanced designs and group divisible designs from finite groups. These constructed designs do not yield designs with new parameters, but our construction gives rise to designs having a transitive automorphism group that also preserves the resolution classes.

Xi Yue1, Yang Yuansheng1, Wang Liping1
1Department of Computer Science Dalian University of Technology Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
Abstract:

A shell graph of order \(n\), denoted by \(H(n, n-3)\), is the graph obtained from the cycle \(C_n\) of order \(n\) by adding \(n-3\) chords incident with a common vertex, say \(u\). Let \(v\) be a vertex adjacent to \(u\) in \(C_n\). Sethuraman and Selvaraju \([3]\) conjectured that for all \(k \geq 1\) and for all \(n_i \geq 4\), \(1 \leq i \leq k\), one edge \((uv)\) union of \(k\)-shell graphs \(H(n_i, n_i – 3)\) is cordial. In this paper, we settle this conjecture affirmatively.

Emrah Kilic1
1TOBB Univeasiry of ECONOMICS AND TECHNOLOGY, MATHEMATICS DEPARTMENT, 06560 SO660TOz0, ANKARA TURKEY
Abstract:

In this paper, we give formulas for the sums of generalized order-\(k\) Fibonacci, Pell, and similar other sequences, which we obtain using matrix methods. As applications, we give explicit formulas for the Tribonacci and Tetranacci numbers.

Changqing Xu1, Yatao Du2
1Department of Applied Mathematics, Hebei University of Technology Tianjin, 300130, China
2 Department of Mathematics, Shijiazhuang Mechanical Engineering College Shijiazhuang 050003, China
Abstract:

A \((g, f)\)-coloring is a generalized edge-coloring in which each color appears at each vertex \(v\) at least \(g(v)\) and at most \(f(v)\) times, where \(g(v)\) and \(f(v)\) are nonnegative and positive integers assigned to each vertex \(v\), respectively. The minimum number of colors used by a \((g, f)\)-coloring of \(G\) is called the \((g, f)\)-chromatic index of \(G\). The maximum number of colors used by a \((g, f)\)-coloring of \(G\) is called the upper \((g, f)\)-chromatic index of \(G\). In this paper, we determine the \((g, f)\)-chromatic index and the upper \((g, f)\)-chromatic index in some cases.

B. Manoochehrian1, H. Yousefi-Azari2, A. R. Ashrafi3
1Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran Branch, Tehran, 1. R. Iran
2Center of Excellence in Biomathematics, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, I. R. Iran
3Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Kashan, Kashan 87317-51167, 1. R. Iran
Abstract:

The Szeged index extends the Wiener index for cyclic graphs by counting the number of atoms on both sides of each bond and summing these counts. This index was introduced by Ivan Gutman at the Attila Jozsef University in Szeged in \(1994\), and is thus called the Szeged index. In this paper, we introduce a novel method for enumerating by cuts. Using this method, an exact formula for the Szeged index of a zig-zag polyhex nanotube \(T = TUHC_6{[p,q]}\) is computed for the first time.

Pinar Anapa1, ibrahim Gunaltili1
1Eskisehir Osmangazi University Departmant of Mathematics 26480 Eskisehir-Tiirkiye
Abstract:

In this study, we showed that an \((n+1)\)-regular linear space, which is the complement of a linear space having points not on \(m+1\) lines such that no three are concurrent in a projective subplane of odd order \(m\), \(m \geq 9\), could be embedded into a projective plane of order \(n\) as the complement of Ostrom’s hyperbolic plane.

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