Utilitas Algorithmica (UA)

ISSN: xxxx-xxxx (print)

Utilitas Algorithmica (UA) is a premier, open-access international journal dedicated to advancing algorithmic research and its applications. Launched to drive innovation in computer science, UA publishes high-impact theoretical and experimental papers addressing real-world computational challenges. The journal underscores the vital role of efficient algorithm design in navigating the growing complexity of modern applications. Spanning domains such as parallel computing, computational geometry, artificial intelligence, and data structures, UA is a leading venue for groundbreaking algorithmic studies.

Yan Xu1, Yanpei Liu 1
1Department of Mathematics Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044, P.R.China.
Abstract:

In this paper, we obtain a general enumerating functional equation about rooted pan-fan maps on nonorientable surfaces. Based on this equation, an explicit expression of rooted pan-fan maps on the Klein bottle is given. Meanwhile, some simple explicit expressions with up to two parameters: the valency of the root face and the size for rooted one-vertexed maps on surfaces (Klein bottle, Torus, \(N_3\)) are provided.

C. Balbuena1, P. Garcia-Vazquez2, X. Marcote3, J.C. Valenzuela4
1Departament de Matematica Aplicada III Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
2Departamento de Matemdtica Aplicada I Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
3 Departament de Matematica Aplicada III Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
4Departamento de Matemdticas Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
Abstract:

Let us denote by \({EX}(m,n; \{C_4,\ldots,C_{2t}\})\) the family of bipartite graphs \(G\) with \(m\) and \(n\) vertices in its classes that contain no cycles of length less than or equal to \(2t\) and have maximum size. In this paper, the following question is proposed: does always such an extremal graph \(G\) contain a \((2t + 2)\)-cycle? The answer is shown to be affirmative for \(t = 2,3\) or whenever \(m\) and \(n\) are large enough in comparison with \(t\). The latter asymptotical result needs two preliminary theorems. First, we prove that the diameter of an extremal bipartite graph is at most \(2t\), and afterwards we show that its girth is equal to \(2t + 2\) when the minimum degree is at least \(2\) and the maximum degree is at least \(t + 1\).

Ernie Croot1
1Georgia Institute of Technology School of Mathematics 267 Skiles Atlanta, GA 30332
Abstract:

Let \( \mathbb{F}_2^n \) be the finite field of cardinality \( 2^n \). For all large \( n \), any subset \( A \subset \mathbb{F}_2^n \times \mathbb{F}_2^n \) of cardinality
\[
|A| \gtrsim \frac{4^n \log \log n}{\log n},
\]
must contain three points \( \{(x, y), (x + d, y), (x, y + d)\} \) for \( x, y, d \in \mathbb{F}_2^n \) and \( d \neq 0 \). Our argument is an elaboration of an argument of Shkredov [14], building upon the finite field analog of Ben Green [10]. The interest in our result is in the exponent on \( \log n \), which is larger than has been obtained previously.

A.K. Agarwal1
1Centre for Advanced Study in Mathematics Panjab University Chandigarh-160014, India
Abstract:

In 1972, Bender and Knuth established a bijection between certain infinite matrices of non-negative integers and plane partitions and in [2] a bijection between Bender-Knuth matrices and n-color partitions was shown. Here we use this later bijection and translate the recently found n-color partition theoretic interpretations of four mock theta functions of S. Ramanujan in [1] to new combinatorial interpretations of the same mock theta functions involving Bender-Knuth matrices.

Victor H. Moll 1
1Department of Mathematics Tulane University New Orleans, LA 70118
Abstract:

We present analytical properties of a sequence of integers related to the evaluation of a rational integral. We also discuss an algorithm for the evaluation of the 2-adic valuation of these integers that has a combinatorial interpretation.

Matthias Schork 1
1Alexanderstr. 76 60489 Frankfurt, Germany
Abstract:

It is proposed that finding the recursion relation and generating function for the (colored) Motzkin numbers of higher rank introduced recently is an interesting problem.

Michael T. Lacey 1, William McClain 1
1School of Mathematics Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332
Abstract:

Let \( \mathbb{F}_2^n \) be the finite field of cardinality \( 2^n \). For all large \( n \), any subset \( A \subset \mathbb{F}_2^n \times \mathbb{F}_2^n \) of cardinality \[|A| \gtrsim \frac{4^n \log \log n}{\log n}, \] must contain three points \( \{(x, y), (x + d, y), (x, y + d)\} \) for \( x, y, d \in \mathbb{F}_2^n \) and \( d \neq 0 \). Our argument is an elaboration of an argument of Shkredov [14], building upon the finite field analog of Ben Green [10]. The interest in our result is in the exponent on \( \log n \), which is larger than has been obtained previously.

Miklos Bona1
1Department of Mathematics University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611-8105 USA
Abstract:

Let \( S \) be a finite set of positive integers with largest element \( m \). Let us randomly select a composition \( a \) of the integer \( n \) with parts in \( S \), and let \( m(a) \) be the multiplicity of \( m \) as a part of \( a \). Let \( 0 \leq r < q \) be integers, with \( q \geq 2 \), and let \( p_{n,r} \) be the probability that \( m(a) \) is congruent to \( r \mod q \). We show that if \( S \) satisfies a certain simple condition, then \( \lim_{n \to \infty} p_{n,r} = 1/q \). In fact, we show that an obvious necessary condition on \( S \) turns out to be sufficient.

M.El Haddad1, P. Fragopoulou1, Y. Manoussakis2, R. Saad3
1Ecole Nationale des Sciences Appliquées, BP 1818 Tanger, Morocco
2Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique, Université Paris-Sud Bat. 490-91405, Orsay Cedex, France
340#114 Charles Albanel Street, Gatineau (Quebec) Canada I8Z 1R2
Abstract:

Given a connected graph \( G \) with \( n \) vertices, a routing \( R \) is a collection of \( n(n-1) \) paths, one path \( R(x,y) \) for each ordered pair \( x, y \) of vertices. A routing is said to be vertex/edge-antisymmetric if for every pair \( x, y \) of vertices, the paths \( R(x,y) \) and \( R(y,x) \) are internally vertex/edge-disjoint. Compared to other types of routing found in the literature, antisymmetric routing is interesting from a practical point of view because it ensures greater network reliability.

For a given graph \( G \) and routing \( R \), the vertex/edge load of \( G \) with respect to \( R \) is the maximum number of paths passing through any vertex/edge of \( G \). The \({vertex/edge-forwarding-index}\) of a graph is the minimum vertex/edge load taken over all routings. If routing \( R \) is vertex/edge-antisymmetric, we talk about \({antisymmetric-indices}\).

Several results exist in the literature for the forwarding-indices of graphs. In this paper, we derive upper and lower bounds for the antisymmetric-indices of graphs in terms of their connectivity or minimum degree. These bounds are often the best possible. Whenever this is the case, a network that meets the corresponding bound is described. Several related conjectures are proposed throughout the paper.

Michael Kubesa1
1Technica] University Ostrava
Abstract:

A tree \( R \) such that after deleting all leaves we obtain a path \( P \) is called a \({caterpillar}\). The path \( P \) is called the \({spine}\) of the caterpillar \( R \). If the spine has length 3 and \( R \) on \( 2n \) vertices contains vertices of degrees \( r \), \( s \), \( t \), \( 2 \), where \( 2 < r, s, t < n \), then we say that \( R \) is an \( (r, s, t, 2) \)-\({caterpillar}\) of diameter 5. We completely characterize \( (r, s, t, 2) \)-caterpillars of diameter 5 on \( 4k+2 \) vertices that factorize the complete graph \( K_{4k+2} \).

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