Deep learning-based target detection algorithms outperform traditional methods by eliminating the need for manual feature design and improving accuracy and efficiency. This paper constructs a YOLOv5 target detection model using a deep convolutional neural network. To enhance accuracy, generalization, and detection speed, three data augmentation techniques—mosaic data enhancement, adaptive anchor frame, and adaptive image scaling—are applied. The model is further optimized with an attention mechanism and a modified YOLOv5 framework. A loss function and global average pooling enhance feature mapping for a fully convolutional network. Experimental results show that the improved YOLOv5n model achieves a 2.9979 percentage point increase in MAP, a 31% improvement in FPS, and a training time reduction of 10 minutes, completing 100 rounds in 20 minutes.

Metacognition, as a fundamental ability for learners to adapt to complex environments, is equally adapted to constructivist teaching and learning activities. In this paper, we propose a model of learning environment characteristics for metacognitive regulation under constructivist learning theory, and utilize Item2Vec algorithm, Self-Attention mechanism, and BiGRU model to construct a model of metacognitive ability. The model presents a kind of multi-channel network characteristic composed of Self-Attention mechanism and BiGRU model. Design a theoretical model of the learning environment oriented to improving students’ metacognitive ability, and analyze the functional modules of the overall system of the learning environment. Propose a learning activity aiming at the improvement of metacognitive ability and incorporating constructivist theory as the guiding concept to allocate the various aspects of the whole constructivist teaching activity. Analyze the implementation effect of constructivist teaching activities based on metacognitive strategies and organize the influencing factors of metacognitive strategies. The bivariate correlation analysis of students’ total test scores and usual grades are closely related to planning strategies, monitoring strategies, and regulating strategies, and the significance (two-tailed) is less than 0.01. This indicates that the higher the students’ scores, the higher the corresponding level of metacognitive strategies.

Civil engineering crack detection faces challenges due to complex environments and external interferences. This paper proposes an improved YOLO v8s-WOMA network, integrating ODConv, C2f-MA modules, and WIoU loss function to enhance crack identification accuracy. A BP neural network is also trained to assess crack damage. Experiments on the CBP dataset compare this method with existing detection algorithms. Results show that the proposed model achieves the highest mAP (90.5%), F1-score (90.3%), and accuracy (89.6%). Bridge crack detection errors remain within 0.1mm (width) and 20mm (length), ensuring precise damage assessment. The model effectively handles complex backgrounds, accurately detects cracks, and meets practical engineering needs.

The rapid growth of multilingual information online has made traditional translation insufficient, highlighting the need for intelligent language translation. This study employs a convolutional neural network to extract visual features from translated images and uses region-selective attention to align text and image features. The fused information is then processed through a sequence model to develop a computer vision-based translation algorithm. Results show that the proposed algorithm excels in key evaluation metrics, improving translation quality. It maintains a low leakage rate (1.30%), a mistranslation rate of 2.64%, and an average response time of 67.28ms. With strong generalization and applicability in multilingual translation, the algorithm demonstrates high performance and promising real-world applications.

This paper addresses the limitations of the traditional portfolio theory centered on the mean-variance model and expected utility theory, and proposes the establishment of a portfolio model that takes into account the subjective psychological factors of investors, taking into account the fact that investors are susceptible to the influence of various psychological biases, affective biases, and cognitive biases in the actual decision-making process, with respect to the theory of consistency of the assumptions of the investor’s risk attitude. The portfolio model based on fuzzy decision-making is proposed, combined with the development and application of linear programming in portfolio optimization, the return of assets is regarded as a random fuzzy variable, and the stochastic fuzzy portfolio model is constructed to consider the risk characteristics of investors. The portfolio returns under different emotions or different risk preferences are explored separately. Combined with the fund categorization allocation of the sample firms, the fund portfolio C based on the fuzzy portfolio model is proposed and compared with the equal weight allocation fund (fund portfolio A) and the risk coefficient weighted allocation fund (fund portfolio B) based on the risk level of return, respectively. Fund Portfolio C has the highest average return.

Given a prime \( p \), a \( p \)-smooth integer is an integer whose prime factors are all at most \( p \). Let \( S_p \) be the multiplicative subgroup of \( \mathbb{Q} \) generated by \(-1\) and the \( p \)-smooth integers. Define the \( p \)-smooth partial field as \( \mathbb{S}_p = (\mathbb{Q}, S_p) \). Let \( g \) be the golden ratio \( (1+\sqrt{5})/2 \). Let \( G_p \) to be the multiplicative subgroup of \( \mathbb{R} \) generated by \( g \), \(-1\), and the \( p \)-smooth integers. Define the \( p \)-golden partial field as \( \mathbb{G}_p = (\mathbb{R}, G_p) \). The partial field \( \mathbb{S}_2 \) is actually the well-known dyadic partial field and \( \mathbb{S}_3 \) has sometimes been called the Gersonides partial field. We calculate the fundamental elements of \( \mathbb{S}_5 \), \( \mathbb{G}_2 \), \( \mathbb{G}_3 \), and \( \mathbb{G}_5 \).
Our proofs make use of the SageMath computational package.

Let \(P_k\) and \(C_k\) respectively denote a path and a cycle on \(k\) vertices. In this paper, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a complete \(\left\{P_7,C_6\right\}\)-decomposition of the cartesian product of complete graphs.

Rural ecological protection and restoration projects are actively underway worldwide, yet in‐depth research on the evolution of rural ecosystems and their underlying mechanisms remains limited. This study investigates the distribution characteristics of rural ecosystems in Ganzhou District by analyzing their number, spatial type, and density. Geodetectors are employed to examine the spatial heterogeneity and key driving factors of these ecosystems. In addition, we assess how the integrated ecosystem service index responds to land use changes, revealing that the proportion of ecological land—contributing up to 50%—is the most significant factor, with grassland showing a strong positive effect (average coefficient 7.99) and construction land exhibiting a negative correlation with the CES index. These findings offer scientific guidance for enhancing rural ecological protection through improved legislation, ecological compensation, and legal aid.

The internal defects and concrete strength detection of concealed mass concrete structures (dams, fan foundations, tunnel arches, etc.) has been a difficult problem in the industry, and there is a lack of effective nondestructive testing technology, conventional single-sided nondestructive testing technology (ground-penetrating radar, ultrasonic array, impact echo method, etc.) in reinforced concrete structures can not be more than 3m in depth, and the practical application is limited. For this reason, we have developed a new face wave CT inspection technique based on elastic wave face wave, combining the excellent wavelength method and multiple filtering method to solve the problem of difficult extraction of frequency dispersion curves of the face wave in concrete, and through finite element simulation and example verification, it is confirmed that the method can detect the defects and strength of the concrete structure on a single side, and the effective detection depth is more than 4m, which has a strong practical application value.

With the advancement of information technology, universities accumulate vast amounts of data, but effectively extracting and utilizing this information remains a challenge. Existing studies on university management data often rely on shallow analysis with basic models and tools, offering limited efficiency improvements. This paper explores an optimized higher education management data analysis algorithm, leveraging artificial intelligence and multimedia technology to enhance efficiency. A comparative study with traditional methods shows that the proposed algorithm improves university management data analysis efficiency by 11.4%.