Utilitas Algorithmica (UA)
ISSN: xxxx-xxxx (print)
Utilitas Algorithmica (UA) is a premier, open-access international journal dedicated to advancing algorithmic research and its applications. Launched to drive innovation in computer science, UA publishes high-impact theoretical and experimental papers addressing real-world computational challenges. The journal underscores the vital role of efficient algorithm design in navigating the growing complexity of modern applications. Spanning domains such as parallel computing, computational geometry, artificial intelligence, and data structures, UA is a leading venue for groundbreaking algorithmic studies.
- Research article
- Full Text
- Journal of Combinatorial Mathematics and Combinatorial Computing
- Volume 058
- Pages: 23-31
- Published: 31/08/2006
A defensive alliance in a graph \( G(V,E) \) is a set of vertices \( S \subseteq V \) such that for every vertex \( v \in S \), the closed neighborhood \( N_G[v] \) of \( v \) has at least as many vertices in \( S \) as it has in \( V – S \). An offensive alliance is a set of vertices \( S \subseteq V \), such that for every vertex \( v \) in the boundary \( \partial(S) \) of \( S \) the number of neighbors that \( v \) has in \( S \) is greater than or equal to the number of neighbors it has in \( V – S \). A subset of vertices which is both an offensive and a defensive alliance is called a powerful alliance. An alliance which is also a dominating set is called a global alliance. In this paper, we show that finding an optimal defensive (offensive, powerful) global alliance is an NP-hard problem.
- Research article
- Full Text
- Journal of Combinatorial Mathematics and Combinatorial Computing
- Volume 058
- Pages: 13-22
- Published: 31/08/2006
We discuss a branch of Ramsey theory concerning vertex Folkman numbers and how computer algorithms have been used to compute a new Folkman number. We write \( G \rightarrow (a_1, \ldots, a_k)^v \) if for every vertex \( k \)-coloring of an undirected simple graph \( G \), a monochromatic \( K_{a_i} \) is forced in color \( i \in \{1, \ldots, k\} \). The vertex Folkman number is defined as\(F_v(a_1, \ldots, a_k; p) = \text{min}\{|V(G)| : G \rightarrow (a_1, \ldots, a_k)^v \wedge K_p \nsubseteq G\}.\) Folkman showed in 1970 that this number exists for \( p > \text{max}\{a_1, \ldots, a_k\} \). Let \( m = 1 + \sum_{i=1}^k (a_i – 1) \) and \( a = \text{max}\{a_1, \ldots, a_k\} \), then \(F_v(a_1, \ldots, a_k; p) = m \text{ for } p > m,\) and \(F_v(a_1, \ldots, a_k; p) = a + m \text{ for } p = m.\)For \( p < m \) the situation is more difficult and much less is known. We show here that, for a case of \( p = m – 1 \), \( F_v(2, 2, 3; 4) = 14 \).
- Research article
- Full Text
- Journal of Combinatorial Mathematics and Combinatorial Computing
- Volume 058
- Pages: 3-11
- Published: 31/08/2006
By analogy with Stirling numbers, tri-restricted numbers of the second kind count the number of partitions of a given set into a given number of parts, each part being restricted to at most three elements. Tri-restricted numbers of the first kind are then defined as elements of the matrix inverse to the matrix of tri-restricted numbers of the second kind. A new recurrence relation for the tri-restricted numbers of the second kind is presented, with a combinatorial proof. In answer to a problem that has remained open for several years, it is then shown by determinantal techniques that the tri-restricted numbers of the first kind also satisfy a recurrence relation. This relation is used to obtain a reciprocity theorem connecting the two kinds of tri-restricted number.
- Research article
- Full Text
- Ars Combinatoria
- Volume 080
- Pages: 275-315
- Published: 31/07/2006
We classify all finite linear spaces on at most \(15\) points admitting a blocking set. There are no such spaces on \(11\) or fewer points, one on \(12\) points, one on \(13\) points, two on \(14\) points, and five on \(15\) points. The proof makes extensive use of the notion of the weight of a point in a \(2\)-coloured finite linear space, as well as the distinction between minimal and non-minimal \(2\)-coloured finite linear spaces. We then use this classification to draw some conclusions on two open problems on the \(2\)-colouring of configurations of points.
- Research article
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- Ars Combinatoria
- Volume 080
- Pages: 259-273
- Published: 31/07/2006
Suppose \(G\) is a finite plane graph with vertex set \(V(G)\), edge set \(E(G)\), and face set \(F(G)\). The paper deals with the problem of labeling the vertices, edges, and faces of a plane graph \(G\) in such a way that the label of a face and labels of vertices and edges surrounding that face add up to a weight of that face. A labeling of a plane graph \(G\) is called \(d\)-antimagic if for every number \(s\), the \(s\)-sided face weights form an arithmetic progression of difference \(d\). In this paper, we investigate the existence of \(d\)-antimagic labelings for a special class of plane graphs.
- Research article
- Full Text
- Ars Combinatoria
- Volume 080
- Pages: 247-257
- Published: 31/07/2006
The choice number of a graph \(G\), denoted by \(\chi_l(G)\), is the minimum number \(\chi_l\) such that if we give lists of \(\chi_l\) colors to each vertex of \(G\), there is a vertex coloring of \(G\) where each vertex receives a color from its own list no matter what the lists are. In this paper, we show that \(\chi_l(G) \leq 3\) for each plane graph of girth at least \(4\) which contains no \(8\)-circuits and \(9\)-circuits.
- Research article
- Full Text
- Ars Combinatoria
- Volume 080
- Pages: 243-246
- Published: 31/07/2006
It is noted that Teirlinck’s “transposition argument” for disjoint \(\text{STS}(v)\) applies more generally to certain partial triple systems of different orders. A corollary on the number of blocks common to two \(\text{STS}(v)\) of different orders is also given.
- Research article
- Full Text
- Ars Combinatoria
- Volume 080
- Pages: 225-242
- Published: 31/07/2006
We introduce a generalisation of the traditional magic square, which proves useful in the construction of magic labelings of graphs. An order \(n\) sparse semi-magic square is an \(n \times n\) array containing the entries \(1, 2, \ldots, m\) (for some \(m < n^2\)) once each with the remainder of its entries \(0\), and its rows and columns have a constant sum \(k\). We discover some of the basic properties of such arrays and provide constructions for squares of all orders \(n \geq 3\). We also show how these arrays can be used to produce vertex-magic labelings for certain families of graphs.
- Research article
- Full Text
- Ars Combinatoria
- Volume 080
- Pages: 223
- Published: 31/07/2006
- Research article
- Full Text
- Ars Combinatoria
- Volume 080
- Pages: 215-221
- Published: 31/07/2006
A graph \(G\) on \(n\) vertices has a prime labeling if its vertices can be assigned the distinct labels \(1, 2, \ldots, n\) such that for every edge \(xy\) in \(G\), the labels of \(x\) and \(y\) are relatively prime. In this paper, we show that generalized books and \(C_m\) snakes all have prime labelings. In the process, we demonstrate a way to build new prime graphs from old ones.




