Utilitas Algorithmica (UA)

ISSN: xxxx-xxxx (print)

Utilitas Algorithmica (UA) is a premier, open-access international journal dedicated to advancing algorithmic research and its applications. Launched to drive innovation in computer science, UA publishes high-impact theoretical and experimental papers addressing real-world computational challenges. The journal underscores the vital role of efficient algorithm design in navigating the growing complexity of modern applications. Spanning domains such as parallel computing, computational geometry, artificial intelligence, and data structures, UA is a leading venue for groundbreaking algorithmic studies.

Zeling Shao1, Xiaolei Hao1, Zhiguo Li1
1Department of Mathematics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
Abstract:

In this.paper, by joint tree model, we obtain the genera of two types of graphs, which are suspensions of cartesian products of two types of bipartite graphs from a vertex.

Hong Lin1, Lin Yu1
1School of Sciences, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
Abstract:

Let \(G\) be a connected graph with a perfect matching on \(2n\) vertices (\(n \geq 2\)). A graph \(G’\) is a contraction of \(G\) if it can be obtained from \(G\) by a sequence of edge contractions. Then \(G\) is said to be edge contractible if for any contraction \(G’\) of \(G\) with \(|V(G’)|\) even, \(G’\) has a perfect matching. In this note, we obtain a sufficient and necessary condition for a graph to be an edge contractible graph.

A. Azimi1, M. Farrokhi D. G.2
1Department of Pure Mathematics, Ferpowsi University of Mashhad, Mash-Had, Iran.
2Department of Pure Mathematics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mash-Had, Iran.
Abstract:

All finite Jacobson graphs with a Hamiltonian cycle or path, or Eulerian tour or trail are determined, and it is shown that a finite Jacobson graph is Hamiltonian if and only if it is pancyclic. Also, the length of the longest induced cycles and paths in finite Jacobson graphs are obtained.

Guoliang Hao1
1College of Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, P.R. China
Abstract:

A vertex subset \(S\) of a digraph \(D\) is called a dominating set of \(D\) if every vertex not in \(S\) is adjacent from at least one vertex in \(S\). The domination number of \(D\), denoted by \(\gamma(D)\), is the minimum cardinality of a dominating set of \(D\). We characterize the rooted trees and connected contrafunctional digraphs \(D\) of order \(n\) satisfying \(\gamma(D) = \left\lceil \frac{n}{2}\right\rceil\). Moreover, we show that for every digraph \(D\) of order \(n\) with minimum in-degree at least one, \(\gamma(D) \leq \frac{(k+1)n}{2k+1}\), where \(2k+1\) is the length of a shortest odd directed cycle in \(D\), and we characterize the corresponding digraphs achieving this upper bound. In particular, if \(D\) contains no odd directed cycles, then \(\gamma(D) \leq \frac{n}{2}\).

Tao WANG1, Deming LI2
1Depart. of Foundation, North China Institute of Science and Technology 065201, P. R. China
2Depart. of Math., Capital Normal University, 100048, P. A. China
Abstract:

A graph is called degree-magic if it admits a labelling of the edges by integers \(\{1, 2, \ldots, |E(G)|\}\) such that the sum of the labels of the edges incident with any vertex \(v\) is equal to \(\left(1 + |E(G)|\right)/2 \deg(v)\). In this paper, we show that a class of join graphs are degree-magic.

P. Anusha Devi1, S. Monikandan1
1Department of Mathematics Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Tirunelveli – 627 012 Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract:

A vertex-deleted unlabeled subgraph of a graph \(G\) is called a card of \(G\). A card of \(G\) with which the degree of the deleted vertex is also given is called a degree-associated card or dacard of \(G\). The degree-associated reconstruction number, \(\mathrm{drn}(G)\), of a graph \(G\) is the size of the smallest collection of dacards of \(G\) that uniquely determines \(G\). The maximal subgraph without end vertices of a graph \(G\) that is not a tree is called the pruned graph of \(G\). It is shown that \(\mathrm{drn}\) of some connected graphs with regular pruned graph is \(2\) or \(3\).

Shang-wang Tan1, Dong-fang Wang1
1Department of Mathematics China University of Petroleum Qingdao 266580, China
Abstract:

The Wiener index of a connected graph is the sum of distances between all pairs of vertices in the graph. Feng et al. in [The hyper-Wiener index of bicyclic graphs, Utilitas Math., \(84(2011) 97-104\)] determined the bicyclic graphs having the largest Wiener index. In this article, we determine the graphs having the second up to seventh largest Wiener indices among all bicyclic graphs with \(n\) vertices.

Wei Jiang1, Jun Guo1
1College of Math. and Info. Sci., Langfang Teachers University, Langfang 065000, China
Abstract:

This paper obtains new combinatorial batch codes (CBCs) from old ones, studies properties of uniform CBCs, and constructs uniform CBCs using semilattices.

Sean English1, Daniel Johnston1, Drake Olejniczak1, Ping Zhang1
1Department of Mathematics Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5248, USA
Abstract:

For graphs \(F\) and \(H\), where \(H\) has chromatic index \(t\), the proper Ramsey number \(PR(F, H)\) is the smallest positive integer \(n\) such that every \(t\)-edge coloring of \(K_n\) results in a monochromatic \(F\) or a properly colored \(H\). The proper Ramsey number \(PR(F, H)\) is investigated for certain pairs \(F, H\) of connected graphs when \(t = 2\), namely when \(F\) is a complete graph, star, or path and when \(H\) is a path or even cycle of small order. In particular, \(PR(F, H)\) is determined when (1) \(F\) is a complete graph and \(H\) is a path of order 6 or less, (2) \(F\) is a complete graph and \(H\) is a 4-cycle, (3) \(F\) is a star and \(H\) is a 4-cycle or a 6-cycle, and (4) \(F\) is a star and \(H\) is a path of order 8 or less.

Fengnan Yanling1, Chengfu Ye1, Yaping Mao1, Zhao Wang1
1 Department of Mathematics, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
Abstract:

The \(k\)-rainbow index \(rx_k(G)\) of a connected graph \(G\) was introduced by Chartrand, Okamoto, and Zhang in 2010. Let \(G\) be a nontrivial connected graph with an edge-coloring \(c: E(G) \to \{1, 2, \ldots, q\}\), \(q \in \mathbb{N}\), where adjacent edges may be colored the same. A tree \(T\) in \(G\) is called a rainbow tree if no two edges of \(T\) receive the same color. For a graph \(G = (V, E)\) and a set \(S \subseteq V\) of at least two vertices, an \(S\)-Steiner tree or a Steiner tree connecting \(S\) (or simply, an \(S\)-tree) is a subgraph \(T = (V’, E’)\) of \(G\) that is a tree with \(S \subseteq V’\). For \(S \subseteq V(G)\) and \(|S| \geq 2\), an \(S\)-Steiner tree \(T\) is said to be a rainbow \(S\)-tree if no two edges of \(T\) receive the same color. The minimum number of colors that are needed in an edge-coloring of \(G\) such that there is a rainbow \(S\)-tree for every \(k\)-set \(S\) of \(V(G)\) is called the \(k\)-rainbow index of \(G\), denoted by \(rx_k(G)\). In this paper, we consider when \(|S| = 3\). An upper bound of complete multipartite graphs is obtained. By this upper bound, for a connected graph \(G\) with \(\text{diam}(G) \geq 3\), we give an upper bound of its complementary graph.

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