In this paper, we first present new proofs, much shorter and much simpler than can be found elsewhere, of two facts about Hypercubes: that for the \( d \)-dimensional Hypercube, there exist sets of paths by which any \({permutation\; routing}\) task may be accomplished in at most \( 2d – 1 \) steps without queueing; and, when \( d \) is even, there exists an edge decomposition of the Hypercube into precisely \( \frac{d}{2} \) edge-disjoint Hamiltonian cycles. The permutation routing paths are computed off-line. Whether or not these paths may be computed by an online parallel algorithm in \( O(d) \)-time has long been an open question. We conclude by speculating on whether the use of a Hamiltonian decomposition of the Hypercube might lead to such an algorithm.

The search for special substructures in combinatorial objects that have a lot of symmetry, such as searching for maximal partial ovoids or spreads in generalized quadrangles, can often be translated to a well-known algorithmic problem, such as a maximum clique problem in a graph. These problems are typically NP-hard. However, using standard backtracking strategies together with pruning techniques based on problem-specific properties, it is possible to obtain non-trivial results which are mathematically interesting. In some cases, heuristic techniques can also lead to interesting results. In this paper, we describe some techniques as well as new results obtained for maximal partial ovoids and spreads in generalized quadrangles.

Built on earlier works of Larcombe on a certain class of non-terminating expansions of the sine function, we set up two new \( {_{}{3}F_2} \) summation formulas via integration.

In this paper, we investigate exhaustively the cyclically indecomposable triple systems \( TS_\lambda(v) \) for \( \lambda = 2, v \leq 33 \) and \( \lambda = 3, v \leq 21 \), and we identify the decomposable ones. We also construct, by using Skolem-type and Rosa-type sequences, cyclically indecomposable two-fold triple systems \( TS_2(v) \) for all admissible orders. Further, we investigate exhaustively all cyclic \( TS_2(v) \) that are constructed by Skolem-type and Rosa-type sequences up to \( v \leq 45 \) for indecomposability.

We show that if the independence number of a graph is \( \alpha \), then the eternal security number of the graph is at most \( \binom{\alpha+1}{2} \), solving a problem stated by Goddard, Hedetniemi, and Hedetniemi \([JCMCC, \text{ vol. } 52, \text{ pp. } 160-180]\).

Let \( n \) be a natural number. We obtain convolution-type formulas for the total number of parts in all partitions of \( n \) of several different kinds.

In this paper, we establish a doubling method to construct inequivalent Hadamard matrices of order \( 2n \), from Hadamard matrices of order \( n \). Our doubling method uses heavily the symmetric group \( S_n \), where \( n \) is the order of a Hadamard matrix. We improve the efficiency of the method by introducing some group-theoretical heuristics. Using the doubling method in conjunction with the standard 4-row profile criterion, we have constructed several millions of new inequivalent Hadamard matrices of orders \(48, 56, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96,\) and several hundreds of inequivalent Hadamard matrices of orders 672 and 856. The Magma code segments, included in this paper, allow one to compute many more inequivalent Hadamard matrices of the above orders and all other orders of the form \( 8t \).

In this paper, we determine analytically the number of balanced, unlabelled, 3-member covers of an unlabelled finite set, which is then used to find the number of non-isomorphic optimal lottery sets of cardinality three. We also determine numerically the number of non-isomorphic optimal playing sets for lotteries in which a single correct number is required to win a prize.

A fire breaks out on a graph \( G \) and then \( f \) firefighters protect \( f \) vertices. At each subsequent interval, the fire spreads to all adjacent unprotected vertices, and firefighters protect \( f \) unburned vertices. Let \( f_G \) be the minimum number of firefighters needed to contain a fire on graph \( G \). If the triangular grid goes unprotected to time \( t = k \) when \( f_G \) firefighters arrive and begin protecting vertices, the fire can be contained by time \( t = 18k + 3 \) with at most \( 172k^2 + 58k + 5 \) vertices burned.