Growth: A Journal of Mathematics and Mathematics Education

ISSN: xxxx-xxxx

Growth: A Journal of Mathematics and Mathematics Education aims to provide a publication platform for high quality undergraduate research in mathematics and in mathematical pedagogy. The technical scope of the journal is combinatorial mathematics, broadly interpreted—the editorial board will consider all submissions in their areas of interest. All submitted articles must have an undergraduate research component and must be certified by a senior researcher. All submissions will be peer reviewed according to standard practices in academic mathematics. Precise editorial policies are set by the editorial board.

Urszula Bednarz1, Malgorzata Wolowiec-Musial1
1Rzeszéw University of Technology Faculty of Mathematics and Applied Physics al. Powstaricé6w Warszawy 12, 35-359 Rzeszdw, Poland
Abstract:

In this paper we introduce a new kind of two-parameters generalization of Pell numbers. We give two distinct graph interpretations and prove some identities for these numbers. Moreover we define matrix generators and derive the generalized Cassini formula for the introduced numbers.

Selvam Avadayappan1, M. Muthuchelyam2
1Department of Mathematics, V.H.N.S.N.College, Virudhunagar — 626 001, India,
2Department of Mathematics, K.S.R.College of Engineering, Tiruchengode – 637 215, India.
Abstract:

A graph is said to be a neighbourly irregular graph (or simply an NI graph) if no two adjacent vertices have the same degree. In this paper, we introduce the neighbourly regular strength of a graph. Let \(G\) be a simple graph of order \(n\). Let \(NI(G)\) denote the set of all NI graphs in which \(G\) is an induced subgraph. The neighbourly regular strength of \(G\) is denoted by \(NRS(G)\) and is defined as the minimum \(k\) for which there is an NI graph \(NI(G)\) of order \(n+k\) in \(NI(G)\). We prove that the \(NRS(G)\) is at most \(n-1\), with possible equality only if \(G\) is complete. In addition, we determine the \(NRS\) for some well-known graphs.

Babak Samadi1, Abdollah Khodkar2, Hamid R. Golmochammadi3
1Department of Mathematics Arak University, Arak IRI
2Department of Mathematics University of West Georgia Carrollton, GA 30118, USA
3Department of Mathematics University of Tafresh, Tafresh, IRI
Abstract:

We first introduce the concept of \((k, k’, k”)\)-domination numbers in graphs, which is a generalization of many domination parameters. Then we find lower and upper bounds for this parameter, which improve many well-known results in the literature.

Dan S. Archdeacon1, Jeffrey H. Dinitz1, Amelia Mattern2, Douglas R. Stinson2
1Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 U.S.A.
2David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
Abstract:

We are interested in ordering the elements of a subset \( A \) of the non-zero integers modulo \( n \) in such a way that all the partial sums are distinct. We conjecture that this can always be done, and we prove various partial results about this problem.

Xuechao Li1, Shuchao Li2, Wei Bing3
1The University of Georgia, GA, USA 30602
2The Central China Normal University, P.R.China
3The University of Mississippi, MS, USA
Abstract:

A graph \( G \) with maximum degree \( \Delta \) and edge chromatic number \( \chi'(G) > \Delta \) is \emph{edge-\(\Delta\)-critical} if \( \chi'(G-e) = \Delta \) for each \( e \in E(G) \). In this article, we provide a new proof of adjacency Lemmas on edge-critical graphs such that Vizing’s adjacency lemma becomes a corollary of our results.

Margaret A. Readdy1
1Department of Mathematics, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA
Abstract:

This paper surveys recent results for flag enumeration of polytopes, Bruhat graphs, balanced digraphs, Whitney stratified spaces and quasi-graded posets.

W. D. Wallis1
1Department of Mathematics, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
Abstract:

A bipancyclic graph on \( v \) vertices is a bipartite graph that contains, as subgraphs, cycles of length \( n \) for every even integer \( n \) such that \( 4 \leq n \leq v \). Such a graph is uniquely bipancyclic if it contains exactly one subgraph of each permissible length.

In this paper, we find all uniquely bipancyclic graphs on 30 or fewer vertices.

Daniel Johnston1, Ping Zhang1
1Department of Mathematics Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5248, USA
Abstract:

A balanced complete bipartite graph is a complete bipartite graph where the degrees of its vertices differ by at most 1. In a red-blue-green coloring of the edges of a graph \( G \), every edge of \( G \) is colored red, blue, or green. For three graphs \( F_1 \), \( F_2 \), and \( F_3 \), the 2-Ramsey number \( R_2(F_1, F_2, F_3) \) of \( F_1 \), \( F_2 \), and \( F_3 \), if it exists, is the smallest order of a balanced complete bipartite graph \( G \) such that every red-blue-green coloring of the edges of \( G \) contains a red \( F_1 \), a blue \( F_2 \), or a green \( F_3 \). In this note, we determine that

\[
20 \leq R_2(C_4, C_4, C_4) \leq 21.
\]

FUTABA FUJIE1, ZHENMING BI, PING ZHANG2
1Graduate School of Mathematics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.
2Department of Mathematics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
Abstract:

A Hamiltonian graph \( G \) is said to be \(\ell\)-path-Hamiltonian, where \(\ell\) is a positive integer less than or equal to the order of \( G \), if every path of order \(\ell\) in \( G \) is a subpath of some Hamiltonian cycle in \( G \). The Hamiltonian cycle extension number of \( G \) is the maximum positive integer \(\ell\) for which every path of order \(\ell\) or less is a subpath of some Hamiltonian cycle in \( G \). If the order of \( G \) equals \( n \), then it is known that \( \text{hce}(G) = n \) if and only if \( G \) is a cycle or a regular complete bipartite graph (when \( n \) is even) or a complete graph. We present a complete characterization of Hamiltonian graphs of order \( n \) that are \(\ell\)-path-Hamiltonian for each \(\ell \in \{n-3, n-2, n-1, n\}\).

Eric Andrews1, Elliot Laforge2, Chira Lumduanhom3, Ping Zhang2
1Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Alaska Anchorage Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
2Department of Mathematics Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
3Department of Mathematics Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit Soi 23, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
Abstract:

Let \( G \) be an edge-colored connected graph. A path \( P \) is a proper path in \( G \) if no two adjacent edges of \( P \) are colored the same. An edge coloring is a proper-path coloring of \( G \) if every pair \( u, v \) of distinct vertices of \( G \) is connected by a proper \( u-v \) path in \( G \). The minimum number of colors required for a proper-path coloring of \( G \) is the proper connection number \( \text{pc}(G) \) of \( G \). We study proper-path colorings in those graphs obtained by some well-known graph operations, namely line graphs, powers of graphs, coronas of graphs, and vertex or edge deletions. Proper connection numbers are determined for all iterated line graphs and powers of a given connected graph. For a connected graph \( G \), sharp lower and upper bounds are established for the proper connection number of (i) the \( k \)-iterated corona of \( G \) in terms of \( \text{pc}(G) \) and \( k \), and (ii) the vertex or edge deletion graphs \( G-v \) and \( G-e \), where \( v \) is a non-cut-vertex of \( G \) and \( e \) is a non-bridge of \( G \), in terms of \( \text{pc}(G) \) and the degree of \( v \). Other results and open questions are also presented.

Special Issues

The Combinatorial Press Editorial Office routinely extends invitations to scholars for the guest editing of Special Issues, focusing on topics of interest to the scientific community. We actively encourage proposals from our readers and authors, directly submitted to us, encompassing subjects within their respective fields of expertise. The Editorial Team, in conjunction with the Editor-in-Chief, will supervise the appointment of Guest Editors and scrutinize Special Issue proposals to ensure content relevance and appropriateness for the journal. To propose a Special Issue, kindly complete all required information for submission;