In this paper, by using the generating function method, we obtain a series of identities involving the generalized Fibonacci and Lucas numbers.

This paper introduces the problem of finding a permutation \(\phi\) on the vertex set \(V(G)\) of a graph \(G\) such that the sum of the distances from each vertex to its image under \(\phi\) is maximized. We let \(\mathcal{S}(G) = \max \sum_{v\in V(G)} d(v, \phi(v))\), where the maximum is taken over all permutations \(\phi\) of \(V(G)\). Explicit formulae for several classes of graphs as well as general bounds are presented.

The local-edge-connectivity \((u,v)\) of two vertices \(u\) and \(v\) in a graph or digraph \(D\) is the maximum number of edge-disjoint \(u-v\) paths in \(D\), and the edge-connectivity of \(D\) is defined as \(\lambda(D) = \min\{\lambda(u, v) | u,v \in V(D)\}\). Clearly, \(\lambda(u,v) \leq \min\{d^+(u),d^-(v)\}\) for all pairs \(u\) and \(v\) of vertices in \(D\). We call a graph or digraph \(D\) maximally local-edge-connected when

\[\lambda(u, v) = \min\{d^+(u),d^-(v)\}\]

for all pairs \(u\) and \(v\) of vertices in \(D\).

Recently, Fricke, Oellermann, and Swart have shown that some known sufficient conditions that guarantee equality of \(\lambda(G)\) and minimum degree \(\delta(G)\) for a graph \(G\) are also sufficient to guarantee that \(G\) is maximally local-edge-connected.
In this paper we extend some results of Fricke, Oellermann, and Swart to digraphs and we present further sufficient conditions for
graphs and digraphs to be maximally local-edge-connected.

We show that every hamiltonian claw-free graph with a vertex \(x\) of degree \(d(x) \geq 7\) has a \(2\)-factor consisting of exactly two cycles.

This paper presents two new algorithms for generating \((n,2)\) de Bruijn sequences which possess certain properties. The sequences generated by the proposed algorithms may be useful for experimenters to systematically investigate intertrial repetition effects. Characteristics are compared with those of randomly sampled \((n,2)\) de Bruijn sequences.

Let \(\alpha(G)\) and \(\tau(G)\) denote the independence number and matching number of a graph \(G\), respectively. The tensor product of graphs \(G\) and \(H\) is denoted by \(G \times H\). Let \(\underline{\alpha}(G \times H) = \max \{\alpha(G) \cdot n(H), \alpha(H) \cdot n(G)\}\) and \(\underline{\tau}(G \times H) = 2\tau(G) \cdot \tau(H)\), where \(\nu(G)\) denotes the number of vertices of \(G\). It is easy to see that \(\alpha(G \times H) \geq \underline{\alpha}(G \times H)\) and \(\beta(G \times H) \geq \underline{\tau}(G \times H)\). Several sufficient conditions for \(\alpha(G \times H) > \underline{\alpha}(G \times H)\) are established. Further, a characterization is established for \(\alpha(G \times H) = \underline{\tau}(G \times H)\). We have also obtained a necessary condition for \(\alpha(G \times H) = \underline{\alpha}(G \times H)\). Moreover, it is shown that neither the hamiltonicity of both \(G\) and \(H\) nor large connectivity of both \(G\) and \(H\) can guarantee the equality of \(\alpha(G \times H)\) and \(\underline{\alpha}(G \times H)\).