Combinatorial properties of the multi-peg Tower of Hanoi problem on \(n\) discs and \(p\) pegs are studied. Top-maps are introduced as maps which reflect topmost discs of regular states. We study these maps from several points of view. We also count the number of edges
in graphs of the multi-peg Tower of Hanoi problem and in this way obtain some combinatorial identities.

A given nonincreasing sequence \(\mathcal D = (d_1, d_2, \dots, d_n)\) is said to contain a (nonincreasing) repetition sequence \(\mathcal D ^* = (d_{i_1},d_{i_2} \dots, d_{i_k})\) for some \(k \leq n – 2\) if all values of \(\mathcal D – \mathcal D ^*\) are distinct and for any \(d_{i_i} \in \mathcal D ^*\), there exists some \(d_t \in \mathcal D – \mathcal D ^*\) such that \(d_{i_1} = d_t\). For any pair of integers \(n\) and \(k\) with \(n \geq k + 2\), we investigate the existence of a graphic sequence which contains a given repetition sequence. Our main theorem contains the known results for the special case \(d_{i_1} = d_{i_k}\) if \(k = 1\) or \(k = 2\) (see [1, 5, 2]).

It is shown that the necessary conditions are sufficient for the existence of \(c\)-BRD(\(v, 3, \lambda\)) for all \(c \geq -1\). This was previously known for \(c = 0\) and for \(c = 1\).

Let \(\mathcal{S}\) be the set of vectors \(\{{e^{i\theta}}:\theta=0, \frac{n}{3}, \frac{2n}{3}\}\), and let \(\mathcal{S}\) be a nonempty simply connected union of finitely many convex polygons whose edges are parallel to vectors in \(\mathcal{S}\). If every three points of \(\mathcal{S}\) see a common point via paths which are permissible (relative to \(\mathcal{S}\)), then \(\mathcal{S}\) is star-shaped via permissible paths. The number three is best possible.

Let \(G\) be a graph with \(n\) vertices and suppose that for each vertex \(v\) in \(G\), there exists a list of \(k\) colors, \(L(v)\), such that there is a unique proper coloring for \(G\) from this collection of lists, then \(G\) is called a uniquely \(k\)-list colorable graph. Recently, M. Mahdian and E.S. Mahmoodian characterized uniquely \(2\)-list colorable graphs. Here, we state some results which will pave the way in characterization of uniquely \(k\)-list colorable graphs. There is a relationship between this concept and defining sets in graph colorings and critical sets in latin squares.

Let \(d_3(n,k)\) be the maximum possible minimum Hamming distance of a ternary linear \([n, k, d; 3]\) code for given values of \(n\) and \(k\). The nonexistence of \([142, 7, 92; 3]\), \([162, 7, 106; 3]\), \([165, 7, 108; 3]\), and \([191, 7, 125; 3]\) codes is proved.

The niche graph of a digraph \(D\) is the undirected graph defined on the same vertex set in which two vertices are adjacent if they share either a common in-neighbor or a common out-neighbor in \(D\). We define a hierarchy of graphs depending on the condition of being the niche graph of a digraph having, respectively, no cycles, no cycles of length two, no loops, or loops. Our goal is to classify in this hierarchy all graphs of order \(n \geq 3\) having a subgraph isomorphic to \(K_{n-2}\).

Let \(\mathcal{H}_1, \ldots, \mathcal{H}_t\) be classes of graphs. The class Ramsey number \(R(\mathcal{H}_1, \ldots, \mathcal{H}_t)\) is the smallest integer \(n\) such that for each \(t\)-edge colouring \((G_1, \ldots, G_t)\) of \(K_n\), there is at least one \(i \in \{1, \ldots, t\}\) such that \(G_i\) contains a subgraph \(H_i \in \mathcal{H}_i\). We take \(t = 2\) and determine \(R(\mathcal{G}^1_l, \mathcal{G}^1_m)\) for all \(2 \leq l \leq m\) and \(R(\mathcal{G}^2_i, \mathcal{G}^2_{m})\) for all \(3 \leq l \leq m\), where \(\mathcal{G}^i_j\) consists of all edge-minimal graphs of order \(j\) and minimum degree \(i\).

Let \(G\) be a \(2\)-connected graph with a toroidal rotation system given. An algorithm for constructing a straight line drawing with no crossings on a rectangular representation of the torus is presented. It is based on Read’s algorithm for constructing a planar layout of a \(2\)-connected graph with a planar rotation system. It is proved that the method always works. The complexity of the algorithm is linear in the number of vertices of \(G\).